Tribulation Period Essay Example for Free

Tribulation Period Essay Tribulation is a timeframe when God will welcome on his judgment to the world. As per the predictions of the Book of Revelation and the Book of Daniel, it will comprise of 7 years. This multi year time frame is separated into two. The principal half is known as the time of Great Sorrow and the following half is known as the Great Tribulation. In the start of the main a large portion of, the congregation will be spared from the fury of God by the occasion known as the Rapture. In this occasion, Jesus will plummet from paradise and convey all Christians to the Lord. For the individuals who will be conceived and become Christians after the Rapture will live through the tribulation time frame.  â â â â â â â â â â The incredible tribulation will occur when the Antichrist is reported in the sanctuary. The earth will at that point endure three rages, Wrath of the Lamb, Wrath of the Satan and Wrath of the Father. Fierceness of the Lamb alludes to the rage of the Christian’s guardian angel Jesus Christ. As indicated by predictions, rocks from the mountains will happen to on man as they cry. Directly after the Wrath of the Lamb, the earth will endure the Wrath of the Satan after he is peeled off with his entrance on the seat of God. Satan will be sent to the earth in the wake of being banned in the sky. Basing on the understanding of Revelation 12:7-12, Satan and his blessed messengers will be thrown into the world enticing Christians to sell their spirits. At last, the world will taste the Wrath of the Father.  â â â â â â â â â â During the previously mentioned period, the earth will languish outrageous disarray over there will rule the congregation of the antichrist. There will be a bogus savior who will mislead individuals and just the individuals who have solid confidence who will have the option to recognize the bogus savior with the genuine savior. Furthermore, Satan and his heavenly attendants will sneak on earth and blending with individuals impacting them to trade their spirits with his blessed messengers promising salvation.

Ethernet LANs Essay

Ethernet LANs: An assortment of gadgets, including client gadgets, LAN switches, switches, old center points, and links, all of which use IEEE Ethernet measures at the physical and information connect layers, so the gadgets can send Ethernet casings to one another. 802.3: The name of the first IEEE Ethernet standard, just as the general base name of all IEEE Ethernet LAN working boards of trustees. Quick Ethernet: The casual name for one specific Ethernet standard, initially characterized officially as 802.3u, which was the principal Ethernet standard to outperform the first 10-Mbps speed to run at 100 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet: The casual name for one specific Ethernet standard, characterized officially in 802.3z (for fiber) and 802.3ab (for UTP), with a speed of 1 Gbps. Autonegotiation: A procedure characterized by the IEEE with the goal that hubs on a similar Ethernet connection can trade messages to pick the best speed and duplex alternative that the two hubs support. Ethernet outli ne: The bytes of information that stream in an Ethernet LAN, which starts with the Ethernet header, trailed by information (which really holds headers from different layers just as end-client information) and closures with the Ethernet trailer. Ethernet LANs convey Ethernet outlines starting with one Ethernet gadget then onto the next. Macintosh address: An information interface layer address, 48 bits long, generally composed as 12 hexadecimal digits and used to speak to various gadgets associated with LANs. Macintosh address table: On a LAN switch, a table of MAC locations and neighborhood switch ports that the switch utilizes when settling on its choice of where to advance Ethernet outlines that show up at the switch. Wired LAN: A neighborhood (LAN) that utilizations links/wires; the word wired alludes to the wires inside UTP links. Remote LAN: A gathering of remote customers, in addition to at least one remote passageways, with the passageways all utilizing a typical SSID (remote LAN name). Star topology: A system topology wherein joins expand outward from a focal hub, to some degree like beams of light going out from a star/sun. Ethernet outline: The bytes of information that stream in an Ethernet LAN, which starts with the Ethernet header, trailed by information (which really holds headers from different layer s just as end-client information) and finishes with the Ethernet trailer. Ethernet LANs deliver Ethernet outlines starting with one Ethernet gadget then onto the next. 10BASE-T: The basic name for one of a few gauges that are a piece of the IEEE Ethernet 802.3i norm. This standard uses two bent combines in an UTP link, with a piece pace of 10 Mbps. 100BASE-T: A term that alludes to all Fast Ethernet guidelines, including 100BASE-Tx, which alludes to the one Fast Ethernet standard that utilizes two sets in an UTP link. 1000BASE-T: A specific Ethernet standard alternate route name, additionally known by the proper standard 802.3ab, which characterizes 1000-Mbps (1-Gbps) activity, star topology, utilizing four-pair UTP cabling. 10GBASE-T: A specific Ethernet standard easy route name, likewise known by the conventional standard 802.3an, that characterizes 10-Gbps activity, star topology, utilizing four-pair UTP cabling. Metro Ethernet: A sort of multiaccess WAN assistance that utilizes Ethernet as the physical access interface and as a rule utilizes an Ether net switch as the client site gadget, with the client sending Ethernet outlines from one client site to the next. Token Ring: An old LAN innovation, promoted by IBM and normalized by IEEE as standard 802.5, that rivaled Ethernet LANs during the 1980s and 1990s. LAN Edge: A reference to the piece of the grounds LAN with the end-client gadgets and the changes to which they associate, through an Ethernet switch or a remote LAN passage, that contains the biggest number of physical connections. Remote just LAN edge: A grounds LAN configuration term alluding to grounds LANs with just remote associations between end-client gadgets and APs, and no wired Ethernet LAN associations at the edge. Wired/remote LAN edge: A grounds LAN configuration term alluding to grounds LANs, with the edge of the LAN having both remote associations in addition to wired Ethernet LAN associations. Shorthand name (IEEE): The expression for a sort of name for IEEE principles. These names start with a speed, list â€Å"BASE-† in the center, and end with a postfix, for instance, 10BASE-T. Edge switch: In a grounds Ethernet LAN structure, this term alludes to the Ethernet LAN change to which the end-client gadgets associate. Duplex: A systems administration interface that permits bits to be sent in the two bearings. Half duplex: A systems administration interface that permits bits to be sent in the two headings, yet just a single bearing at once. Full duplex: A systems administration connect that permits bits to be sent in the two headings and simultaneously. Straight-through link: An UTP cabling pinout in which the wire at nail x to one finish of the link associates with nail x to the opposite finish of the cable. Crossover link: An UTP cabling pinout in which the wires in a wire pair interface with various pins on furthest edges so one node’s send rationale interf aces with the different node’s get rationale. In Ethernet, pins 1,2 interface with 3,6, and pins 4,5 associate with 7,8. Ethernet header: An information structure that an Ethernet hub includes front of information provided by the following higher layer to make an Ethernet outline. The header holds these significant fields: Preamble, SFD, Destination Address, Source Address, and Type. Ethernet trailer: An information structure that an Ethernet hub includes after the information provided by the following higher layer to make an Ethernet outline; the trailer holds one field, the FCS field. Goal MAC address: A field in the Ethernet header that rundowns the MAC address of the gadget to which the Ethernet casing ought to be conveyed. Source MAC address: A field in the Ethernet header that rundowns the MAC address of the gadget that initially sent the Ethernet outline. Media Access Control: The formal IEEE 802.3 Ethernet expression for the information connect layer, information interface header, and other information interface highlights, including addresses. Blunder recognition: In systems administration, the procedure by which a hub decides if a got message was changed by the way toward sending the information. Ethernet communicate: A unique Ethernet address, FFFF.FFFF.FFFF, used to send edges to all gadgets in a similar Ethernet LAN. Address: Flooding: Part of an Ethernet LAN switch’s sending rationale in which the change advances a casing out all ports, aside from the port in which the edge showed up. Sending: Part of an Ethernet LAN switch’s sending rationale that alludes to the decision a change makes to take a got outline and send it out a solitary active port, on the grounds that the edge has a goal MAC address known to the switch (as recorded in the switch’s MAC address table). Learning: Part of an Ethernet switch’s rationale identified with the sending procedure by which the switch learns MAC addresses and their related port numbers. Obscure unicast outline: An Ethernet outline with goal MAC address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. Communicate outline: From the point of view of a solitary Ethernet LAN switch, an edge whose goal MAC address isn't known to the switch, in that the switch’s MAC address table doesn't list the frame’s goal MAC address. Known unicast outline: From the viewpoint of a solitary Ethernet LAN switch, a casing whose goal MAC address is known to the switch, in that the switch’s MAC address table records the frame’sâ destination MAC address. General MAC address: A MAC address allocated to an Ethernet gadget (NIC, switch port, etc) by the maker, observing standards characterized by the IEEE, so that the device’s all inclusive MAC address is one of a kind among all other widespread MAC addresses known to man.

Project Management for Water Treatment Plant- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theProject Management for Water Treatment Plant. Answer: Presentation The task the board is a significant theme for the organizations on the planet. There are different ventures that are experiencing or being done by different organizations on the planet. One of the ventures has been examined in this report. The task is identified with water treatment plant in America. The Liberty water treatment plant has won the best undertaking grant of the year. This report talks about the techniques utilized in the venture the board. The portfolio the board of the task has been examined in the report. The manageability standards for the business dynamic procedure has been engaged in the report. The social value, financial effectiveness and natural execution has been talked about in the report. The report diagrams the chances and dangers for the portfolio the executives procedure. There are different instruments and strategies talked about in the report for moderating the dangers all the while. There are three pieces of the report talked about continuously. The last conversation about the report has been given to the official administration. Situational Context In this unique circumstance, the Liberty water treatment plant has been taken as the venture. The venture depended on wastewater treatment and was the main structure worked to get the State Revolving Fund (SRF) financing (Kerzner, 2013). It is the biggest framework made on the state and earned an Honor Award for Civil Infrastructure. The task has been an immense accomplishment for the organization and ready to help the general public by overseeing wastewater in the state. The Liberty Company has different activities under this venture identified with the sterile division. The Utilities Department of the city has been answerable for the activity and support of the crude water conveyance framework and giving crisp drinking water to the places of the state. The crowd for the venture has been neighborhood individuals of the state and object is to giving new water to them. The task has given different advantages to the nearby individuals of the Liberty City. The SRF advance has spared cit izens over the life of the advance. The organization has in excess of 177 miles of sterile pipeline (Burke, 2013). It is prescribed to the organization for getting to cutting edge innovation to incorporate the framework in the water squander the board in the undertaking. The utilization of the cutting edge innovation for the sewage arrangement of the organization may be improved in the city. The conveyance of the new water must be appropriately kept up. The correspondence of the venture administrator with the colleagues of the undertaking should be clear and brief. This may help in keeping up appropriate comprehension with the colleagues in the undertaking. The need rundown of the task should be appropriately kept up and completed inside cutoff time. The time the executives of the venture must be appropriately overseen by the undertaking chief. Execution of Portfolio Management The point of the portfolio the board is to gather distinctive security resources into arrangement of the organization. The goals of the organization are evaluated with the assistance of portfolio the executives. For this situation, the Liberty Water treatment plant has three significant strides in their portfolio including resource distribution, moving in designated assets and security issues in assets. As per the above conversation, the task has been a colossal case in the market. The Liberty Project has helped a large number of individuals in the Liberty City. The conveyance of the new water to the area of the city has been improved from before. The undertaking has helped in keeping up the wastewater of the city in a manner. The treatment of the wastewater has been an extraordinary achievement in the Liberty City (Larson Gray, 2013). The calendar for the venture has been the fundamental purpose behind its prosperity. The need of the errands as indicated by its significance and cuto ff time has been appropriately overseen by the undertaking supervisor. The venture director have concentrated on different exercises of the undertaking inside time. The registration list have helped in keeping up the rundown of undertakings of the venture. As per different understudies audit, the correspondence with the task director is a significant factor that has been the reason for the accomplishment of the undertaking (Hill, 2013). A both path correspondence between the undertaking chief and colleagues have helped in giving away from to the idea of the task. A legitimate conversation with the colleagues have helped in keeping up a decent connection with the colleagues and understanding the emotions and considerations of colleagues (Schwalbe, 2015). Then again, another understudy portrays that the utilization of the correspondence may be ambiguous in nature. The colleagues can keep up their work with no collaboration with the venture administrator. Be that as it may, this very hard for the colleagues. The utilization of the key plans has helped in giving appropriate administration to the venture. An appropriate task arranging helps in keeping up every phase of the undertaking. The undertaking administrator, alongside the colleagues need to design the venture course of events for finishing the task. The technique for taking note of down the significant focuses identified with the undertaking is a fundamental propensity for the venture administrator. There may be a situation when any significant thing probably won't be recalled. This can make misfortune the venture. In this way, taking note of down significant focuses in a decent propensity for a venture chief (Fleming Koppelman, 2016). In any case, different understudies contended that the utilization of composing notes may be time taking. The director needs to recollect the things and execute them right away. This may help in sparing time in the task plan. In any case, this progression may be a high hazard factor (Heldman, 2015). The errand engaged with the task must be overseen inside time. This aides in keeping up the time and calendar of the undertaking. The colleagues need to finish their assignment in side the cutoff time. This assistance in finishing distinctive undertaking inside time. Different understudies have portrayed about the time the executives in regards to the consummation of the undertaking inside the cutoff time (Walker, 2015). The time the board nature of the task administrator helps in engaging other colleagues of the venture. The desk work and documentation of the entire venture is required for having a proof of the finished undertaking and consummation inside cutoff time. The motivation behind the task is likewise written in the documentation of the venture. There are different sub-extends under the Liberty water treatment plant. In this way, monitoring all the sub-ventures must be appropriately kept up. This aides in giving an away from of different parts of the activities (Leach, 2014). The colleagues can keep up their work with no communication with the venture administrator. Notwithstanding, this very hard for the colleagues. The administrative work of the undertaking incorporates the money related report and financial plan of the task. A legitimate utilization of the spending arranging in the undertaking helps in utilizing assets shrewdly. The financial plan of the task assumes a significant job in the achievement of the venture in the organization. A low spending venture can't utilize trend setting innovation in the task because of awful money related condition. Last Report As indicated by the above conversation about the Liberty venture, a general thought regarding the undertaking the board has been acquired. The utilization of trend setting innovation in the venture possess helped in keeping up the energy for fulfillment of the activities. There are different devices and methods of the task the board has been depicted beneath: Hazard Management The hazard the executives in the task assumes a significant job in recognizing the dangers and dangers associated with the undertaking and actualizing venture the executives procedure. The utilization of the hazard the executives device helps in dissecting dangers and dangers associated with the task (Meng, 2012). There are different dangers engaged with a task including social factor, natural components and specialized variables. Thusly, hazard the executives helps in dealing with the dangers and make techniques for limiting the dangers and dangers in the undertaking. Work Breakdown Structure The Work Breakdown Structure of an undertaking helps in separating huge errands into little assignments. The little errands are anything but difficult to oversee and can be finished without any problem. The work breakdown structure helps in giving expectations of the tasks (Mir Pinnington, 2014). It gives a progressive structure of the assignments in the undertaking. The WBS helps in giving precise and discernible information to the accomplishment of the undertaking. It additionally helps in demonstrating the achievements, cost and danger of the venture. Gantt outline The Gantt outline is utilized to show calendar of the venture. The Gantt graph can be made utilizing different programming including Microsoft Excel. The venture chief aides in making the Gantt diagram for the task. The cutoff time of different errands are noted in the Gantt diagram in a chart group (Hwang Ng, 2013). This aides in comprehension and organizing the assignment as per their cutoff times. Score Cards Different scorecards are utilized by the undertaking administrator during the task the board. These score cards causes in giving criticism to the colleagues as indicated by their exhibition in the venture. A decent exhibition of a colleague helps in expanding the scorecard. As per me, an undertaking director is the fundamental piece of the venture the executives. The venture chief screens, controls and assesses the movement of the task and execution of the representatives and colleagues of the undertaking (Kerzner, 2017). The utilization of the apparatuses and strategies helps in limiting the intricacy of the task. The venture the board instruments helps in keeping up the advancement of the task in the organization. On account of the Liberty Water Treatment plant, the task has been fruitful because of legitimate portion of the undertaking the executives procedure. Then again, Turner, (2016) contended that the utilization of the undertaking the board apparatuses may be time taking an

Stereotypes and Countertypes Essay - 550 Words

Stereotypes and Countertypes (Essay Sample) Content: Stereotypes and countertypesName:Institution:Stereotypes and countertypesA stereotype is exaggerated, popularized belief or concept regarding an event, a group or an issue normally based on preconception rather than on concept (Chazan, 1997). Populace use stereotypes to summarize and group others by a group instead of considering their personal differences. Populace, come to discover their own radical as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"we" and other people as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Stereotyping, usually lead to laugh at and prejudice behavior by one individual or a radical toward another person or a group (Kitch, 2001). A description of stereotyping includes arranging populace together with regard to their religion, race, customs culture, gender among other categorization. It also includes denying other populace rights because of the radical they belong to. Stereotyping also include conceiving that oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own radical is better while other radicals are inferior. Due t o increased stereotyping several ways can be used to reduce stereotyping. These includes among other; encouraging primary knowledge through own experiences, working towards significant goals with other populace and also regarding multiple perspectives (Ninvalle, 2004). Encouraging scholars to admit the power of stereotypes is a progress to have the right and the responsibility.The concept is pervasively used in popular media. For example the Forbes magazine depict powerful women are not single but also are very lonely (an example of gender stereotypes). This is because of the common perception that powerful women are intimidating to their men. It is a common belief that most women cannot take up the political posts (Lusted et al, 1984). This is found in many popular social media sites. They say that the political posts are a reserve of the most hardcore men. They are depicted as the only people who can take up those positions. Women are believed to be incompetent and lack leadership skills.ReferencesChazan, R. (1997). Gothic stereotypes and present antisemitism. Berkeley: University of California Press.Bottom of FormNinvalle, C. (2004). Stereotypes. Toronto: Toucan Pub.Kitch, C. L. (2001). The girl on the magazine cover: The origins of visual stereotypes in American mass media. Chapel: University of Carolina word Press.Lusted, D., Sanders, D., Halliday, E., Australian Film and Television School. (1984). Stereotypes. North Ryde, N.S.W: Australian Film and Television School.Countertypes generally are positive stereotypes which develop as undertake to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"counterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ a negative stereotype (Bell, 1985). These negative stereotypes have often been applied to a radical. The topic of countertype was proposed to describe what people believed to be the opposing physiological and physical impacts of trisomy. The notion of the countertype has not obtained strong support especially outside of Europe. It has for the most portions been dismissed by majori ty of the populace. It has been considered as being mechanistically not unlikely. It thus does not warrant any consideration from people. These principle shave formed the basis for which countertype has rejected (sivulka, 2001).The countertypes house some of the characteristics which are positive. It is worthwhile noting that countertypes are practically stereotypes. The concept of the countertype has been pervasively used in the media. A good example of a gender countertype is the gay people. These people are many times stereot... Stereotypes and Countertypes Essay - 550 Words Stereotypes and Countertypes (Essay Sample) Content: Stereotypes and countertypesName:Institution:Stereotypes and countertypesA stereotype is exaggerated, popularized belief or concept regarding an event, a group or an issue normally based on preconception rather than on concept (Chazan, 1997). Populace use stereotypes to summarize and group others by a group instead of considering their personal differences. Populace, come to discover their own radical as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"we" and other people as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. Stereotyping, usually lead to laugh at and prejudice behavior by one individual or a radical toward another person or a group (Kitch, 2001). A description of stereotyping includes arranging populace together with regard to their religion, race, customs culture, gender among other categorization. It also includes denying other populace rights because of the radical they belong to. Stereotyping also include conceiving that oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own radical is better while other radicals are inferior. Due t o increased stereotyping several ways can be used to reduce stereotyping. These includes among other; encouraging primary knowledge through own experiences, working towards significant goals with other populace and also regarding multiple perspectives (Ninvalle, 2004). Encouraging scholars to admit the power of stereotypes is a progress to have the right and the responsibility.The concept is pervasively used in popular media. For example the Forbes magazine depict powerful women are not single but also are very lonely (an example of gender stereotypes). This is because of the common perception that powerful women are intimidating to their men. It is a common belief that most women cannot take up the political posts (Lusted et al, 1984). This is found in many popular social media sites. They say that the political posts are a reserve of the most hardcore men. They are depicted as the only people who can take up those positions. Women are believed to be incompetent and lack leadership skills.ReferencesChazan, R. (1997). Gothic stereotypes and present antisemitism. Berkeley: University of California Press.Bottom of FormNinvalle, C. (2004). Stereotypes. Toronto: Toucan Pub.Kitch, C. L. (2001). The girl on the magazine cover: The origins of visual stereotypes in American mass media. Chapel: University of Carolina word Press.Lusted, D., Sanders, D., Halliday, E., Australian Film and Television School. (1984). Stereotypes. North Ryde, N.S.W: Australian Film and Television School.Countertypes generally are positive stereotypes which develop as undertake to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"counterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ a negative stereotype (Bell, 1985). These negative stereotypes have often been applied to a radical. The topic of countertype was proposed to describe what people believed to be the opposing physiological and physical impacts of trisomy. The notion of the countertype has not obtained strong support especially outside of Europe. It has for the most portions been dismissed by majori ty of the populace. It has been considered as being mechanistically not unlikely. It thus does not warrant any consideration from people. These principle shave formed the basis for which countertype has rejected (sivulka, 2001).The countertypes house some of the characteristics which are positive. It is worthwhile noting that countertypes are practically stereotypes. The concept of the countertype has been pervasively used in the media. A good example of a gender countertype is the gay people. These people are many times stereot...

How Do You Think the Problem of Priestless Parishs Should...

Parishes are a common practice in the Catholic Church. They are a division of a diocese which has its own church and members of the clergy. A parish priest is appointed and entrusted with the spiritual care of his parishioners. In 2008, 49,631 parishes in the world had no resident priest or pastor (CARA services. Frequently requested Church statistics). Parishes without a priest can cause great difficulties for people. The role of a priest within a parish is vital; a priest is someone who is there for the sick and the dying, a shoulder to cry in times of need and a priest allows parishioners access to each of the seven sacraments. In recent times the total number of priests has decreased and the average age of serving priests has†¦show more content†¦Their celibacy expresses their complete and total identification with Christ and their commitment to continuing his mission. Surely this preparation phase is enough time for a priest to either see the benefit in celibacy or lack there off for them as an individual. Celibacy is a big sacrifice for anyone to undertake. Married life too has sacrifices - very different sacrifices; however there is no value in saying one is more of a sacrifice than another. Those in a marriage have many sacrifices that may go unrecognized because they are considered normal. For instance, married couples have a commitment to their partners to be faithful, honest, and dedicated to making the relationship successful. For those with children, the commitments and responsibilities are even greater. There are many cultures around the world that do not expect clergy celibacy (Daly, 2009) including Christian denominations who allow ministers/priests to marry. These Churches demonstrate how marriage is compatible with the priestly life. These churches present a great example of how familial responsibilities are compatible with religious commitments. A study of married Evangelical ministers and Roman Catholic priests revealed that there were no significant differences in dimensions of religiosity or commitments to the parish between the celibate and married clergymen (Swenson, 1998). Both are

The Human Resource ( Hr ) - 2186 Words

The human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance management and compensation, employee benefits, recruitment and staffing and employee rights and safety. In spite of the turbulent environment facing the healthcare industry today, my organization has however proven its effectiveness in performance measures however, improvement is needed in the areas of defining and aligning organizational purpose, creating organizational alignment and accurately measuring the right things. In rating this department, there are questions regarding the organizationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s strategic process that will be examine below. Recommendations will include creating an organizational culture where trust, open communication, and fairness are emphasized and demonstrated. Providing employees with opportunities for career advancement, offering a higher total rewards package than other organizations that compete for the same talent. By recruiting and retaining talent and providing professional and development training, the HR instillShow MoreRelatedThe Human Resource ( Hr )1572 Words   |  7 Pages The human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organizat ion include: recruiting and retaining talent, performanceRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr )1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe human resource (HR) in an organization deals with the day to day operations of the human resources department. The HR department deals with business law, compensation, employee relations, benefits, medical and the like. HR focuses on whom the organization hires, whom the organization fires and remediation to employees who need discipline and retooling to continue their employment. The functions of the HR department in my organization include: recruiting and retaining talent, performance managementRead MoreHuman Resources and Hr985 Words   |  4 PagesActivity 1: Human resource department is the field that takes control of training and overseeing employees. Therefore, it is important for HR personnel to develop and maintain some skills and knowledge in that field. 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The HR Function is in a position to add value by proper formulation and implementations of the following activities and in turn support the organisation strategy. Recruitment and Selection Recruiting the wrong people can lead to a drop in productivity, lack of commitment, low morale, and rapid staff turnover, all of whichRead MoreHuman Resources ( Hr ) Managers980 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources (HR) managers today are faced with many different issues than those in the past. While human resources managers are still responsible for the interviewing, hiring, training and orientation of new employees, this position has developed into much more than the initial hiring of the employee. They are also responsible for keeping employees and other managers up-to-date and aware of the diversity issues, and strategically implementing programs that align with the goals of the organizationRead MoreThe Human Resource ( Hr ) Department1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resource (HR) department manages the tangible indirect reward to employees. The Benefits that an employer provides to their employees are ones needed to provide the motivation to retain their employment and pr ovide a positive return on investment. With the rising cost of health care, companies are relying on their HR department to provide benefits that will help in lowering the cost associated with older workers. Employers have found one benefit that has provided the greatest return onRead MoreHuman Resource ( Hr ) Departments988 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource (HR) departments were established to help companies enhance their employee’s potential, which in turn enhances the performance of the company. HR departments are expanding in companies regardless of their size. Due to state and federal law, human resource departments have to adapt and grow. These HR laws are in place to help both the employee and the employer. This paper will discuss the Family and Medical Leave Act and what it is able to provide for employees. The Law PublicRead MoreHuman Resource Management And The Hr Department1532 Words   |  7 Pages Although Human Resource Management did begin as a administrative job, advancements in technology has increased a business’s resources to the point of needing this department to take on a more strategic role. The HR Department is or all intend and purposes the center point for the employees needs ranging from - payroll, benefits, vacation, as well as staying up to date with the legal matters. The roles the HR department have always been aimed at meeting the needs of the employee, with a strategic

Exploration of Pharmacology Case for Asthma- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theExploration of Pharmacology Case for Childhood Asthma. Answer: Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and allergic disease associated with symptoms like insufficient breathing, coughing and wheezing. Childhood asthma is more prevalent and nocturnal cough is the most prominent symptom of it. Patient in this case, Jessica is having asthma. She is five-year child and she is showing symptoms like cold, nasal discharge, nocturnal cough and breath shortness. Risk factors responsible for the occurrence of asthma are cold air, exercise, pollen and viruses. It can also occur due to medications like aspirin and blockers. Genetic factors also play major role in the occurrence of asthma. Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions occur in asthma. In this paper different aspects of asthma in Jessica are discussed. These aspects include pathophysiology, treatment and symptoms related to the asthma. Pharmacology: Constriction is a prominent feature of asthma. Constrictions of the airway can lead to the constriction of muscle surrounding chest which results in the tightness of the chest. Breathing problem in the asthma patients results in the lowered oxygen saturation in asthma patients which results in the diminished supply of oxygen to muscles and cells. Deficiency of oxygen can lead to development of fatigue in asthma patients. Patients with progressive and worsening asthma exhibit nocturnal asthma which results in insomnia and fatigue in the daytime (Krishnan et al., 2012; S124-35). Bronchoconstriction produces shortness of breath in Jessica. Hence, bronchodilator such as salbutamol was being administered to her. Salbutamol in the form of inhalation is useful as bronchodilator in asthma patients. Inhaled salbutamol exhibits peak plasma concentration at 3 4 hours after inhalation. Hence, Jessica can get relieved from the breathlessness after 3 4 hours after its administration. Inhaled salbutamol exhibits average plasma half-life of 4 6 hours. However, literature indicate that salbutamol can exhibit bronchodilation within five minutes of its administration, irrespective of the plasma concentration. Hence, inhaled salbutamol can exhibit its efficacy upto approximately 20 hours because concentration of drug become approximately negligible after 4 half-lives. Salbutamol metabolism occurs through phase II metabolism and it produces glucuronide and sulphated conjugates. Approximately 85 % of the inhaled drug can be detected in the urine after 48 hours. It indicates that there is not complete elimination of drug in Jessica after 48 hours. Hence, there can be bronchodilation and improvement in breathing in Jessica within five minutes of its administration and it can lasts upto 4 6 hours. Inflammation is the main mechanism responsible for the occurrence of asthma. Henceforth, to reduce this inflammation, anti-inflammatory medication such as prednisone is being administered to Jessica. Prednisolone exhibits peak plasms concentration at around 1 3 hours. Hence, it exhibits maximum anti-inflammatory effect at around 3 hours. From the literature, it is evident that there is no correlation exists between the plasma concentration of prednisolone and clinical response. However, it can be considered that alternate day administration with fluctuating plasma concentrations can be considered as the most effective regimen for the administration of prednisolone. However, in case Jessica, STAT dose of prednisolone is advised because she is exhibiting breathlessness. Breathlessness can occur in Jessica due to bronchoconstriction as a result of inflammation and its medicators. Hence, emergency administration of prednisolone is advised in Jessica. Plasms half-life of prednisolone is 2.1 to 3.5 hours. Hence, it can exhibit its effect upto 10 12 hours (Bergmann et al., 2016). Ipratropium inhalation can be used as broncholytic agent in asthma patients. It can be useful to open the congested respiratory tract in asthma patients. Bioavailability of ipratropium is between 1 6 %. Half-life of inhaled ipratropium is 2 hours. Hence, this drug can produce its effect upto approximately 6 hours after its administration. Ipratropium can be excreted in urine and feces as unchanged and as metabolites. It produces eight metabolites, however none of the metabolites are active as anticholinergic drug. It gets metabolized in inactive ester hydrolysis products. Ipratropium bromide is being given to Jessica for three times with 20 minutes apart duration (Norris Ambery, 2013). Hence, it can be useful in maintaining required concentration for exhibiting broncholytic effect in Jessica. Symptoms: Jessica is showing symptoms line coughing and wheezing. Coughing is the most common symptom of asthma. In asthma patients, cough can be of two types like dry cough and wet cough. In children of Jessicas age, there can be augmented intensity and frequency of cough at the night time. It is called as nocturnal cough (Ng How, 2014; 36-41). Cough have categorized into productive and nonproductive cough. In productive cough, phlegm can be expelled; hence bacteria and other particles can have eliminated from the respiratory tract. Henceforth, it is considered as one of the defense and protective systems of the body. However, majority of the Asthma patients produce non-productive cough which is dry in nature (Niimi et al., 2013; 932-7).. Irritants which are risk factors of bronchoconstriction are mainly responsible for non-productive cough. This bronchoconstriction can be treated by administering bronchodilator like inhaled salbutamol. Salbutamol exhibits its action by acting on the 2 adren ergic receptors and it produces agonist activity on this receptor. There are different types of 2 agonists available and salbutamol is the short acting 2 agonist. In the bronchial smooth muscle of the lung, 2 adrenergic receptors are the major receptors. Agonist activity of the salbutamol results in the 2 adrenergic receptors activation, which further produces activation of the adenyl cyclase enzyme. Adenyl cyclase produces its action by catalyzing conversion of adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP) to adenosine-mono-phosphate (cyclic AMP). Augmentation of the cyclic AMP exhibits its effect by bronchial smooth muscle relaxation (Busse et al., 2016; 54-64). Airway resistance is also a prominent feature of asthma. Salbutamol reduces intracellular calcium ion concentrations in the airway and reduces airway resistance. Increase in the levels of histamine and leukotriene results in the bronchoconstriction. Cyclic AMP level augmentation can lead to inhibition of release of histamine and leukotrie ne. Hence, it produces relaxation effect of airway by inhibiting bronchoconstrictors like histamine and leukotriene (van Buul, 2015; 1713-25). Wheezing is the whistling sound of exhaled air. Wheezing follows forceful flow of air through the narrow and constricted airways. Chronic inflammation and mucus deposition are mainly responsible for the occurrence of wheezing in asthma patients like Jessica. As a result of airway narrowing and bronchoconstriction, insufficient breathing can occur in patients (Pescatore et al., 2014; 8-13). This inflammation can be treated with anti-inflammatory medication like prednisolone. It exhibits its action by different mechanisms such as : acting on feedback mechanism in immune system, anti-inflammatory and as immune suppressant. As a result, it can be useful in different immune medicated diseases like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. It produces its anti-inflammatory action by binding to glucocorticoid receptor (Agache, 2013; 249-56). Through this binding, there is activation of glucocorticoid receptors. Its activation initiates two processes like transacti vation and transrepression. Both transactivation and transrepression are responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of prednisone. Transactivation process produces anti-inflammatory effect by upregulation of different anti-inflammatory genes like lipocortin I, p11/calpactin binding protein, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor 1 (SLPI), and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MAPK phosphatase). Transrepression process produces anti-inflammatory action by suppressing expression of proinflammatory proteins in cytosol. It results in the prevention of translocation of transcription factors like NF-B from cytosol to the nucleus (Olin Wechsler, 2014, 349). Critical thinking and rationale: Asthma pathophysiology can be categorized in four different aspects like bronchoconstriction, airway edema, airway hyper responsiveness and airway remodeling. Allergens lead to Immunoglobulin E (IgE) dependent secretions like histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Mast cells released mediators lead to contraction of airway smooth muscles, narrowing of the airways and bronchoconstriction. Jessica also exhibiting shortness of breath due to bronchoconstriction. Inflammation of the airways is mainly responsible for the bronchoconstriction (Mims, 2015; S2-6). Inflammation of the airways and bronchoconstriction are the main hall marks of asthma. Hence, by administration of bronchodilator like salbutamol there can be improvement in the bronchoconstriction in asthma patient like Jessica. By administration of anti-inflammatory drug like prednisolone there can be improvement in the pathological processes like airway edema, airway hyper responsiveness and airway remodeling. Different inflammatory cells like Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, microphases and resident cells of airway play important role in inflammation of airways. Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 contribute for the inflammation in asthma. Mucus hypersecretion and deposition of mucus plugs due to inflammation produce edema in airway which results in the hindrance for flow of air through airways (Doeing Solway, 2013; 834-43). Anticholinergic drug like ipratropium inhalation can act broncholytic agent to open the respiratory tract. By administration of the anti-inflammatory drug like prednisolone, secretion of these inflammatory mediators can be reversed and further consequences of inflammation like bronchoconstriction, airway edema, airway hyper responsiveness and airway remodeling can be prevented. By preventing these pathological changes breathing insufficiency can be improved and coughing and sneezing can be prevented. Airflow limitati on results in the less oxygen saturation in Jessica. To compensate, less oxygen saturation, Jessica is being supplemented with artificial oxygen with flow rate of 10 - 15L/minute via face mask (Bergmann, 2014; 69-80; West et al., 2013). Medications administered to Jessica can be useful to produce either symptomatic relief or can be useful in the acute stage. Hence, in chronic stage of asthma varied pathological changes like airway hyperresponsiveness subsequent to the chronic inflammation and structural changes can occur. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the airways and lungs can occur due to chronic inflammation. Airway remodeling results in the structural and pathological alterations in the respiratory tract followed by chronic inflammation. It results in the loss of lung function. Airway remodeling produces structural cells activation in the airway, structural alterations of cells in the airway and airway responsiveness alterations. Airway remodeling produces changes like sub-basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, proliferation and dilation of blood vessels, mucous gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion. Airway remodeling reflects persistent, chronic and progressive feature of the asthma. Airway narrowing and airway modeling results in the forceful flow of air through the airways which can produce coughing and wheezing in the asthma patients. Due to airway narrowing and airway modeling, there is forceful passage of air through airways of Jessica. In Jessica also, this forceful passage of air lead to coughing and sneezing (Bonini Usmani, 2015; 281-93). Hence, it is necessary to administer medications to recover from the airway remodeling. Conclusion: Asthma is a multifactorial disease due to different risk factors and varied symptoms. Symptoms of asthma can be prevented by averting exposure to risk factors like allergens and irritants. Coughing and wheezing are the prominent symptoms of asthma; however, these are also associated with other respiratory diseases. Hence, accurate diagnosis need to be performed for providing specific treatment and management of asthma. Pathological changes in asthma comprises of sequential events like inflammation, edema, bronchospasm, and remodeling. Pathological changes like inflammation and bronchospasm can be treated with medications like anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilator inhalation. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma; hence it exhibits different symptoms. All these mechanisms can not be targeted by using single drug and all these symptoms can not be treated by using single drug. Hence, research need to be carried to develop drug with multiple effects on varie d mechanisms of asthma. In summary, more research is required for providing complete treatment to asthma patients. References: Agache, I.O. (2013). From phenotypes to endotypes to asthma treatment. Current Opinion In Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 13(3), 249-56. https://insights.ovid.com/allergy-clinical-immunology/coaci/2013/06/000/phenotypes-endotypes-asthma-treatment/6/00130832. Bergmann, T.K., Barraclough, K.A., Lee, K.J., Staatz CE. (2012). 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